Which action is the most essential first step in field management of severe sunburn?

• A. Cool the skin
• B. Apply thick ointment to the area
• C. Rub vigorously to remove dead skin
• D. Exposure to the sun to aid tanning

Answer: (A)

Cooling the skin promptly is the best first step because removing the added heat limits ongoing tissue damage, lowers skin temperature, and reduces pain and swelling. Using cool running water or a cool, damp cloth helps control the burn depth and speeds initial comfort. Other actions in the list would hinder healing or worsen injury: applying thick ointment can trap heat and moisture; rubbing vigorously would further injure damaged skin and raise infection risk; exposing the skin to sun would counteract any cooling and worsen the burn. After cooling, protect the area and arrange medical follow-up if the burn is extensive, blistered, or accompanied by systemic symptoms.