What water temperature is recommended for gradual rewarming of frostbite in the field?

• A. 40–42°C (104–108°F)
• B. 20–25°C (68–77°F)
• C. 45–50°C (113–122°F)
• D. Boiling (100°C) water

Answer: (A)

Gradual rewarming works best when you use a warm but not hot water bath to thaw frostbitten tissue and restore blood flow without causing burns. The recommended range is about 40–42°C (104–108°F). This temperature is warm enough to thaw tissue and reduce injury from ischemia, yet not so hot that it risks burning damaged skin and underlying tissue. Water hotter than that can easily cause thermal injury, while cooler water rewarms too slowly and prolongs damage and pain. In the field, you’d soak the affected area in this warm water for roughly 15–30 minutes, or until color returns and sensation begins to come back, then protect the area from further cold and avoid refreezing. Avoid rubbing or drying heat sources like flames, and monitor for pain and changes in the tissue as you continue care.