What is the recommended initial action for frostbite in the field?

• A. Do not rub; remove wet clothing
• B. Rub gently to generate heat
• C. Apply dry heat directly
• D. Massage to restore circulation

Answer: (A)

Frostbite in the field is treated by preventing further injury and reducing heat loss. The best first action is to remove wet clothing and jewelry, because wet fabric pulls heat away from the body and can deepen freezing. Handle the affected tissues gently—frostbitten skin is fragile and can be easily damaged by rubbing or massaging. After removing wet items, keep the area warm and protected with dry coverings, and move the person to a warmer environment if possible. Do not apply direct heat or massage the frozen tissue; rewarming should be gradual and done in appropriate conditions when help is available. The aim is to minimize additional tissue damage while awaiting medical care.