What is the hallmark symptom of heat cramps and their initial management?

• A. Heat cramps are painful and require immediate rest only.
• B. Heat cramps are painless and resolve with activity.
• C. Painful muscle cramps with fatigue; treat with rest and electrolyte-containing fluids, plus gentle stretching.
• D. Heat cramps require diuretic therapy to prevent recurrence.

Answer: (C)

Heat cramps show up as painful muscle cramps in someone who has been sweating a lot and feels fatigued. This speaks to a temporary electrolyte imbalance and fluid loss from intense heat exposure. The best first steps are to stop the activity, move to a cooler environment, and rest the affected muscle. Rehydrate with fluids that contain electrolytes (not just water) to replace sodium and other minerals lost in sweat. Gentle stretching of the cramped muscle and light massage can help it relax and reduce the cramp. Avoid diuretics like certain medications or beverages that can worsen dehydration. The combination of painful cramps with fatigue, along with the need to rest, rehydrate with electrolytes, and gently stretch, makes this option the most accurate description of the hallmark symptom and initial management.